Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 4, 2013

The existence of an organization depends on communications and this is an area that managers spend most of their time on. Therefore, recognition of communication skills accompanied with its implementation is among the essential parameters of successful management in any organization. In this study we decided to determine the relationship between managers'' communication skills and health of organization in Mazandaran health center. Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 66 managers of Mazandaran province health center in 2011.In this study variables of communication skills, which included four components of verbal, aural, written and informative skills, were the independent variables. Also health of organization was a dependent variable that was considered as the main concern of the research. Data were gathered by completing the Hoy’s Health of organization questionnaire, standard communicational skills questionnaire, and the demographic characteristics questionnaire using Likert’s scale for scoring the questions. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Findings showed that there were significant positive correlation (P <0.001) between managers verbal skill and health of organization(r=0.506), managers aural skill and health of organization(r=0.517), managers written skill and health of organization(r=0.571), managers informative skill and health of organization(r=0.657) and between managers communication skills and health of organization(r=0.631). According to the direct relationship between communication skills of managers and health of organization, it seems that improvement of communication skills of managers lead to improved health of organization. Thus, decisions that will positively affect each of these two variables lead to improved communication skills of managers and health of organization.

Studies in the field of industrial accidents shows that the human factor has a significant role in the events so 60 to 90 percent of accidents are a direct result of human errors. Due to the specific conditions prevailing in the paper production process, large paper mills, paper machines are on the job accidents. One of the main causes of this accident is the occurrence of human errors. Therefore prediction and analyzing human errors in various stages of working to prevent adverse consequences from it enjoys considerable importance. Methods and Materials: In the first phase of this study, employee job functions of paper machines were analyzed and most important job tasks were identified. Predictable human errors analysis technic (PHEA) was used for predicting and analyzing human errors in each of the job functions.

The human errors identified in the work sheets are: Failure of act (The operator does not do his duty), to take place later than the due date and access in the wrong direction which include: Negligence, forgetfulness, lack of skills and experience, lack of perceived risk, lack of time, excessive workload and lack of safety and technical inspection.

It seems that there is risk of accident in the paper machines to cause human errors identified in the PHEA worksheets. Therefore it is necessary to focus on the causes of these errors by using appropriate controlling strategies to prevent, reduce or limit the consequences, necessary action is taken. Some of the control strategies proposed to achieve this goal includes: Adequate and effective training of personnel, appropriate guidelines and monitoring their implementation, periodic maintenance programs and reducing their workload.

One of the main reasons for providing hospital''s budget is meeting their financial requirements efficiently. According to the importance and incremental role of operational budgeting in hospital effectiveness and efficiency, this study was aimed to investigate the obstacles and problems in the establishment of operational budgeting system in hospital managers and financial administrator''s point of view in Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: This research was a descriptive cross- sectional study. The study population were all hospital managers and Financial administrator''s of Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences (N=24) which all were selected as sample. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire that was prepared based on the Likert scale by 24 questions. Also, the reliability and validity of this questionnaire was measured before (=94%). Finally, data was analyzed by descriptive statistics in SPSS software. Results showed that” shortage of specialists who are able to calculate the cost of projects«(SD =. 70, x = 4), «lack of motivation in establishment of operational budgeting system» (SD = 1. 03, x = 4) and «lack of financial resources to implement the operational budgeting,» (SD = 1. 00, x = 4), were selected as the most important problems of individuals, organizational and environmental factors in the establishment of operational budgeting system. According to the weak level of the studied factors in the hospitals, necessity of understanding them is more important. So, it is proposed that any attempt to use the operational budgeting should be on base of deep understanding of the requirements for such budgeting.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health state of high school students of Hamideyh branch Ahvaz city. Methods and Materials: The present survey was an analytical study. A sample of 305 (93 girl and 212 boy) students was selected using random stratified sampling and proportion and base of Krejcie and Morgan table from primary to college years high school students in Suburb of Ahvaz township and completed a General Health Questionnaire (CHO-28: Goldberg, & Hillier). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods and SPSS-16 software. Of the students, 305 (34.1%) achieved a GHQ-28 score above threshold and suffer from mental disorders (35.5% of girls and 33.5% of boys). Girl’s relative risk of developing mental disorders was higher than that of boys. According to the Questionnaire, the prevalence of mental health disorders was anxiety 34.1% (38.7% of girls and 32.1% of boys), social dysfunction 25.6% (22.6% of girls and 26.9% of boys), depression 17.7% (11.8% of girls and 20.3% of boys), and somatic compliances 17.4% (17.2% of girls and 17.5% of boys), respectively. There were no significant differences between girl and boy students in mental health in general (p=0.994), somatic compliances (p=0.978), anxiety symptoms (p=0.094), social dysfunction (p=0.956, p=0.946), and depression symptoms (p=0.574), and among age-groups students in mental health in general (p=0.718), somatic compliances (p=0.266), anxiety symptoms (p=0.178), social dysfunction (p=0.946), and depression symptoms (p=0.199), respectively. There was a significant difference between primary to pre-college students in anxiety symptoms (p<0.027). The prevalence of mental health disorders, such as anxiety and social dysfunction remains high in student populations around the world-demonstrating the need for suitable evidence-based interventions to address these issues. Future research should concentrate on mapping interventions available to students and evaluating their effectiveness.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in Iran that is caused by Leishmania parasite and transmits to human by Phelebotumus sand flies. The lysis of the skin cells occurs by the parasite with the presentation of a dry sore in the rural areas and a wet sore in the urban areas. In this study, the frequency and epidemiologic parameters of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis patients were studied in the Omidieh district. Methods and Materials: in this retrospective study 112 cases with CL were described. These cases were recorded in the Omidieh Health Centre during the years 2008 to 2010. Finally, the statistical indices were calculated using SPSS software. The analysis of the obtained data indicated that about 61% of CL patients were male and 39% female. The age range of patients was between 5 months and 85 years, with a mean of 20±18 year. The age group with a range of 0 to 9 years was the modal group with 35.4% of all the patients. The frequencies of scores according to the parts of bodies were: hands and arms 37.3%, feet and legs 36.6%, head and face 19.7% and the rest of body parts had 6.3% respectively. The Incidence rate per 100 thousand populations, during the years 2008, 2009 and 2010 were 56.84, 55.68 and 18.56 respectively. As the results showed after the age of 9 the prevalence of the disease decreased which may be due to the improvement of the immune system against the disease over the years. It is assumed that this area was an endemic focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, however, more studies are needed to clear all the aspects of this disease regarding Omidieh ecosystem.

Human errors are one of the most important causes of accidents. Because time limitation is the most effecting factor in human errors, the likelihood of these errors in emergencies’ is higher than normal conditions. This study was aimed to manage and evaluate human errors in a case of fire in a manufacturing company. Methods and Materials: In this study Human Error Prediction Index (HEPI) was used in order to evaluate the human errors. The scenario of fire was designed and the relevant maneuver was performed; then the results were studied in detail. Data were collected and analyzed in order to calculate the probability of success in 16 required movements from the muster point to the temporary safe shelter. Based on the findings of this study, the highest human error risk is allocated to egress Phase including, listening and following PA announcements, Evaluating potential egress paths and choosing a route and an alternate route if egress path is not tenable. Since reducing the risk of human errors can lead to decrease in the consequences of accidents, the findings of this study emphasize the need of identifying emergencies and developing appropriate scenarios, holding emergency response exercises and analyzing them and providing the necessary feedback for the staff.

This paper tries to determine efficiency of noise control method using fuzzy logic and based on collected data. Methods and Materials: from among various methods of noise control in workplace, sex methods (enclosure, installing noise absorber, enclosure and absorber, active, and administrative control, and personal protective equipment) were typically selected based on experts'' judgment. For each of selected control methods, a possible rate of noise reduction was estimated based on experts'' opinion and literature review. Moreover, cost of accomplishment was also estimated for each of control methods, and with regard of existing variables the efficiency of any method was determined. The results showed that we are able to calculate the efficiency of any method with knowing cost and noise reduction rate of the method. For example, with noise reduction 20.3132 dB and the cost equal to 2443.6107 mRials, the efficiency 50% is expected. In this paper was used from modeling based on fuzzy logic for determining the efficiency of noise control method, and there was also specified which how can be recognized to be suitable and efficient a noise control method using slight data such as cost and noise reduction rate.

Many health studies were interested to find the association between multiple predictors with a dependent variable. The popular method to analyze these studies was multiple regressions that assumed the predictors were independent. While in practice some predictors may depend on each other and they could not be presented in a regression model simultaneously, as a result the appropriate models such as mediation models must be used. The present simulation study was conducted to show the application of mediation model in health studies. Methods and Materials: The data were generated from multivariate normal distribution by statistical software R2.15.01. This simulation was according to a study that wished to find the association between knowledge, attitude and practice of oral and dental care among pregnant women. The mediation model was used to find the mediation role of attitude on practice. Both knowledge and attitude were significantly related with practice among pregnant women. Mediation model showed that the attitude was a mediator in the path way of association between knowledge and practice. According to the results of mediation analysis 64% of the effect of knowledge on practice was direct and the indirect effect was 36%. due to complex association between predictors the use of mediation model and path analysis, it is necessary to develop new health and medical studies.

In recent years noise has been well known as an environmental pollution. Particularly Its effects will be more serious in some environments including hospitals which patients need a calm and peaceful condition. This study aims to evaluate hospitals noise pollution level. Methods and Materials: This study is a cross-sectional study. Noise measurements were made in all Hospital Wards in a workday and weekend from 8 to 22 by Cel-450 Sound Level Meter. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Mean noise level in Golestan Hospital was 74 dB during studied days. Mean level in all Golestan Hospital Wards was more than 70 dB, while Mean noise level in Fatemeh Zahra Hospital was about 53dB. Most of the noise sources were conversation, medical equipment and central and packaged air conditioner systems. Noise intensity in both hospitals in all wards and most times was above standard and permissible levels. As the sources and level of hospital noise was recognized, we can design an introduction to reduce the noise to meet the standard levels.

Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax are protozoans that live in/on the teeth, gums and sometimes tonsils, and may cause periodontitis and gingivitis. The aim of this research was studying the frequency of buccal protozoa in patients referred to dentistry clinics of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, samples were collected from the mouth of 200 patients with gingivitis and periodontitis referred to university dental clinics using swabs and placed in sterile normal saline and examined with wet mount, fixed smears stained with Giemsa and cultured in Dorset medium. A questionnaire was filled for each patient.

120 out of 200 cases were female (60%) and 80 were male (40%). The age range of patients was between 20-60 years. 45.8% of females and 52.5% of males were brushing the teeth every day, while 54.2% of females and 47.5% of males were brushing once every 2-3 weeks and only 7 patients were using floss daily. From the males 52.5% were smokers and 3 cases were diabetics. Only one male case (0.5%) was infected with Entamoeba gingivalis and no case of Trichomonas tenax was detected. In 160 (80%) cases yeast was detected in direct smears and culture.

The results of this study indicated that the frequency of buccal protozoa in this region is low and the cause of periodontitis and gingivitis might be yeast.